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劳动部、财政部关于一九九四年审核企业工资总额同经济效益挂钩方案有关问题的通知

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劳动部、财政部关于一九九四年审核企业工资总额同经济效益挂钩方案有关问题的通知

劳动部 财政部


劳动部、财政部关于一九九四年审核企业工资总额同经济效益挂钩方案有关问题的通知
劳动部、财政部



国务院各部委、直属机构、总公司及计划单列企业集团:
为了建立适应社会主义市场经济要求的工资宏观调控体系,确保企业工资总额的增长与国民经济发展保持合理、协调的关系,根据《国有企业工资总额同经济效益挂钩规定》(劳部发〔1993〕161号)文件精神,现就1994年审核企业工效挂钩方案有关问题通知如下:
一、对于有条件的部门(包括部、委、直属机构、总公司和计划单列企业集团),其所属国有企业经国家批准都要实行工资总额同经济效益总挂钩。各部门应在国家核定的经济效益基数、工资总额基数和浮动比例范围内,根据本部门的实际情况审批所属企业的挂钩方案。目前暂不具备
条件实行总挂钩的单位,其所属企业的工效挂钩方案,仍按现行规定,报劳动部、财政部审核后下达执行。
二、挂钩的经济效益指标,要根据国民经济发展对本单位综合经济效益和社会效益的要求确定,原则上实行复合指标挂钩。除同实现(上缴)税利、实现利润挂钩外,也可以选择将实物(工作)量、业务量和出口收汇额等经济效益指标作为挂钩指标。
针对企业实行新税制后,对税利指标口径核定带来的影响,原采用实现税利挂钩的企业,可改以实现利润作为挂钩指标;仍采用实现税利挂钩的企业,要将增值税加入销售税金,使之与原实现税利挂钩指标口径一致。
三、新实行工效挂钩的部门(企业),其经济效益指标基数,一般以上年实际完成数为基础,剔除不合理部分加以核定。工资总额基数,根据国家关于工资总额构成的规定,原则上以本部门所属企业上年劳动工资统计年报数为基础,核减一次性补发上年工资、成建制划出职工工资以及
各种不合理的工资性支出;核增上年增人、成建制划入职工的翘尾工资,以及国家规定的增资因素后确定。
四、1994年之前已实行工效挂钩的部门(企业),其1994年挂钩方案的审核
1.经济效益基数的核定
原则上以上年计提工资的挂钩经济效益数为基数。需调整经济效益指标基数的,按以下办法办理:
(1)已实行基建和生产单位统一核算和管理的企业,新建扩建项目不核增挂钩的经济效益指标基数;暂未实行基建和生产单位统一核算和管理的企业,新建扩建项目移交生产后,在按该项目增加的人数相应核增工资总额基数的同时,参照同行业或该企业人均效益水平核增挂钩的经济
效益指标基数。
(2)跨单位成建制划入划出,原则上按上年决算数,调整经济效益指标基数。本单位范围内的成建制划入划出不作调整。
2.工资总额基数的核定
挂钩的工资总额基数,原则上以上年企业工资清算应提取的工资总额为基础核定。调整因素按以下办法办理:
(1)企业上年实际接收的复转军人、大中专毕业生增加的工资,暂未实行基建和生产统一核算和管理的企业新建项目由基建移交生产后增加人员的工资和成建制划入(划出)人员的工资按实发数核增(减)。
(2)为了继续清理企业工资总额基数外单列项目,企业要报送参照执行有关上下班交通费及洗理费的文件和1993年末执行人数,经审核批准后纳入1994年挂钩工资总额基数。
(3)按照劳动部、财政部、国家经贸委《关于深化企业工资改革适当解决部分企业工资问题的意见的通知》(劳部发〔1994〕72号)文件规定,对1993年职工人均货币工资增长低于当地职工生活费用价格指数上涨的部分困难企业,申请该项增资需报送企业所在地统计局公
布的1993年职工生活费用价格指数上涨情况,及1993年企业职工年末人数。依据职工人均货币工资增长低于当地职工生活费用价格指数上涨的差率不同,核增办法分为三档:(1)低于职工生活费用价格指数上涨5%以内的,按人均月增资20元掌握;(2)低于职工生活费用价
格指数上涨5%(含5%)~10%的,按人均月增资35元掌握;(3)低于职工生活费用价格指数上涨10%(含10%)以上的,按人均月增资50元掌握。
3.工资浮动比例的核定
挂钩的工资浮动比例,老挂钩企业原则上按上年批准的浮动比例执行,少数特殊企业,其浮动比例经过批准可适当调整。新挂钩企业的浮动比例,依据劳动生产率、人均税利率等经济指标高低和潜力大小确定。
五、尚未实行工效挂钩的部门、总公司所属企业,凡具备条件的,都要实行工效挂钩办法。暂不具备条件的,要结合企业经营目标责任制,制订与经济效益相联系的工资总额包干办法。符合劳动部、财政部、国家经贸委《关于深化企业工资改革适当解决部分企业工资问题的意见的通知
》(劳部发〔1994〕72号)文件规定的增资范围的,须向劳动部、财政部报送企业1993年工资总额统计年报和企业所在地统计局公布的1993年职工生活费用价格指数上涨情况,及1993年企业职工年末人数,经劳动部、财政部审核批准后执行。
六、各部门要结合本行业企业生产经营特点,产权关系和工资自我约束能力积极探索新的挂钩形式,尽快建立起符合各行业特点的工效挂钩机制,促进企业改善经营管理,走向市场,提高经济效益和社会效益。
七、各部门(企业)要认真编报工资总额同经济效益挂钩方案,于1994年8月底以前按现行管理体制报劳动部、财政部审核批准后执行。



1994年7月13日

中华人民共和国加入议定书(英文本)

世界贸易组织法律文件


PROTOCOL ON THE ACCESSION OF
THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA


Preamble

The World Trade Organization ("WTO"), pursuant to the approval of the Ministerial Conference of the WTO accorded under Article XII of the Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization ("WTO Agreement"), and the People's Republic of China ("China"),

Recalling that China was an original contracting party to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1947,

Taking note that China is a signatory to the Final Act Embodying the Results of the Uruguay Round of Multilateral Trade Negotiations,

Taking note of the Report of the Working Party on the Accession of China in document WT/ACC/CHN/49 ("Working Party Report"),

Having regard to the results of the negotiations concerning China's membership in the WTO,

Agree as follows:

Part I - General Provisions

1. General

1. Upon accession, China accedes to the WTO Agreement pursuant to Article XII of that Agreement and thereby becomes a Member of the WTO.

2. The WTO Agreement to which China accedes shall be the WTO Agreement as rectified, amended or otherwise modified by such legal instruments as may have entered into force before the date of accession. This Protocol, which shall include the commitments referred to in paragraph 342 of the Working Party Report, shall be an integral part of the WTO Agreement.

3. Except as otherwise provided for in this Protocol, those obligations in the Multilateral Trade Agreements annexed to the WTO Agreement that are to be implemented over a period of time starting with entry into force of that Agreement shall be implemented by China as if it had accepted that Agreement on the date of its entry into force.

4. China may maintain a measure inconsistent with paragraph 1of Article II of the General Agreement on Trade in Services ("GATS") provided that such a measure is recorded in the List of Article II Exemptions annexed to this Protocol and meets the conditions of the Annex to the GATS on Article II Exemptions.

2. Administration of the Trade Regime

(A) Uniform Administration

1. The provisions of the WTO Agreement and this Protocol shall apply to the entire customs territory of China, including border trade regions and minority autonomous areas, Special Economic Zones, open coastal cities, economic and technical development zones and other areas where special regimes for tariffs, taxes and regulations are established (collectively referred to as "special economic areas").

2. China shall apply and administer in a uniform, impartial and reasonable manner all its laws, regulations and other measures of the central government as well as local regulations, rules and other measures issued or applied at the sub-national level (collectively referred to as "laws, regulations and other measures") pertaining to or affecting trade in goods, services, trade-related aspects of intellectual property rights ("TRIPS") or the control of foreign exchange.

3. China's local regulations, rules and other measures of local governments at the sub-national level shall conform to the obligations undertaken in the WTO Agreement and this Protocol.

4. China shall establish a mechanism under which individuals and enterprises can bring to the attention of the national authorities cases of non-uniform application of the trade regime.

(B) Special Economic Areas

1. China shall notify to the WTO all the relevant laws, regulations and other measures relating to its special economic areas, listing these areas by name and indicating the geographic boundaries that define them. China shall notify the WTO promptly, but in any case within 60 days, of any additions or modifications to its special economic areas, including notification of the laws, regulations and other measures relating thereto.

2. China shall apply to imported products, including physically incorporated components, introduced into the other parts of China's customs territory from the special economic areas, all taxes, charges and measures affecting imports, including import restrictions and customs and tariff charges, that are normally applied to imports into the other parts of China's customs territory.

3. Except as otherwise provided for in this Protocol, in providing preferential arrangements for enterprises within such special economic areas, WTO provisions on non-discrimination and national treatment shall be fully observed.

(C) Transparency

1. China undertakes that only those laws, regulations and other measures pertaining to or affecting trade in goods, services, TRIPS or the control of foreign exchange that are published and readily available to other WTO Members, individuals and enterprises, shall be enforced. In addition, China shall make available to WTO Members, upon request, all laws, regulations and other measures pertaining to or affecting trade in goods, services, TRIPS or the control of foreign exchange before such measures are implemented or enforced. In emergency situations, laws, regulations and other measures shall be made available at the latest when they are implemented or enforced.

2. China shall establish or designate an official journal dedicated to the publication of all laws, regulations and other measures pertaining to or affecting trade in goods, services, TRIPS or the control of foreign exchange and, after publication of its laws, regulations or other measures in such journal, shall provide a reasonable period for comment to the appropriate authorities before such measures are implemented, except for those laws, regulations and other measures involving national security, specific measures setting foreign exchange rates or monetary policy and other measures the publication of which would impede law enforcement. China shall publish this journal on a regular basis and make copies of all issues of this journal readily available to individuals and enterprises.

3. China shall establish or designate an enquiry point where, upon request of any individual, enterprise or WTO Member all information relating to the measures required to be published under paragraph 2(C)1 of this Protocol may be obtained. Replies to requests for information shall generally be provided within 30 days after receipt of a request. In exceptional cases, replies may be provided within 45 days after receipt of a request. Notice of the delay and the reasons therefor shall be provided in writing to the interested party. Replies to WTO Members shall be complete and shall represent the authoritative view of the Chinese government. Accurate and reliable information shall be provided to individuals and enterprises.

(D) Judicial Review

1. China shall establish, or designate, and maintain tribunals, contact points and procedures for the prompt review of all administrative actions relating to the implementation of laws, regulations, judicial decisions and administrative rulings of general application referred to in Article X:1 of the GATT 1994, Article VI of the GATS and the relevant provisions of the TRIPS Agreement. Such tribunals shall be impartial and independent of the agency entrusted with administrative enforcement and shall not have any substantial interest in the outcome of the matter.

2. Review procedures shall include the opportunity for appeal, without penalty, by individuals or enterprises affected by any administrative action subject to review. If the initial right of appeal is to an administrative body, there shall in all cases be the opportunity to choose to appeal the decision to a judicial body. Notice of the decision on appeal shall be given to the appellant and the reasons for such decision shall be provided in writing. The appellant shall also be informed of any right to further appeal.

3. Non-discrimination

Except as otherwise provided for in this Protocol, foreign individuals and enterprises and foreign-funded enterprises shall be accorded treatment no less favourable than that accorded to other individuals and enterprises in respect of:

(a) the procurement of inputs and goods and services necessary for production and the conditions under which their goods are produced, marketed or sold, in the domestic market and for export; and

(b) the prices and availability of goods and services supplied by national and sub-national authorities and public or state enterprises, in areas including transportation, energy, basic telecommunications, other utilities and factors of production.

4. Special Trade Arrangements

Upon accession, China shall eliminate or bring into conformity with the WTO Agreement all special trade arrangements, including barter trade arrangements, with third countries and separate customs territories, which are not in conformity with the WTO Agreement.

5. Right to Trade

1. Without prejudice to China's right to regulate trade in a manner consistent with the WTO Agreement, China shall progressively liberalize the availability and scope of the right to trade, so that, within three years after accession, all enterprises in China shall have the right to trade in all goods throughout the customs territory of China, except for those goods listed in Annex 2A which continue to be subject to state trading in accordance with this Protocol. Such right to trade shall be the right to import and export goods. All such goods shall be accorded national treatment under Article III of the GATT 1994, especially paragraph 4 thereof, in respect of their internal sale, offering for sale, purchase, transportation, distribution or use, including their direct access to end-users. For those goods listed in Annex 2B, China shall phase out limitation on the grant of trading rights pursuant to the schedule in that Annex. China shall complete all necessary legislative procedures to implement these provisions during the transition period.

2. Except as otherwise provided for in this Protocol, all foreign individuals and enterprises, including those not invested or registered in China, shall be accorded treatment no less favourable than that accorded to enterprises in China with respect to the right to trade.

6. State Trading

1. China shall ensure that import purchasing procedures of state trading enterprises are fully transparent, and in compliance with the WTO Agreement, and shall refrain from taking any measure to influence or direct state trading enterprises as to the quantity, value, or country of origin of goods purchased or sold, except in accordance with the WTO Agreement.

2. As part of China's notification under the GATT 1994 and the Understanding on the Interpretation of Article XVII of the GATT 1994, China shall also provide full information on the pricing mechanisms of its state trading enterprises for exported goods.

7. Non-Tariff Measures

1. China shall implement the schedule for phased elimination of the measures contained in Annex 3. During the periods specified in Annex 3, the protection afforded by the measures listed in that Annex shall not be increased or expanded in size, scope or duration, nor shall any new measures be applied, unless in conformity with the provisions of the WTO Agreement.

2. In implementing the provisions of Articles III and XI of the GATT 1994 and the Agreement on Agriculture, China shall eliminate and shall not introduce, re-introduce or apply non-tariff measures that cannot be justified under the provisions of the WTO Agreement. For all non-tariff measures, whether or not referred to in Annex 3, that are applied after the date of accession, consistent with the WTO Agreement or this Protocol, China shall allocate and otherwise administer such measures in strict conformity with the provisions of the WTO Agreement, including GATT 1994 and Article XIII thereof, and the Agreement on Import Licensing Procedures, including notification requirements.

3. China shall, upon accession, comply with the TRIMs Agreement, without recourse to the provisions of Article 5 of the TRIMs Agreement. China shall eliminate and cease to enforce trade and foreign exchange balancing requirements, local content and export or performance requirements made effective through laws, regulations or other measures. Moreover, China will not enforce provisions of contracts imposing such requirements. Without prejudice to the relevant provisions of this Protocol, China shall ensure that the distribution of import licences, quotas, tariff-rate quotas, or any other means of approval for importation, the right of importation or investment by national and sub-national authorities, is not conditioned on: whether competing domestic suppliers of such products exist; or performance requirements of any kind, such as local content, offsets, the transfer of technology, export performance or the conduct of research and development in China.

4. Import and export prohibitions and restrictions, and licensing requirements affecting imports and exports shall only be imposed and enforced by the national authorities or by sub-national authorities with authorization from the national authorities. Such measures which are not imposed by the national authorities or by sub-national authorities with authorization from the national authorities, shall not be implemented or enforced.

8. Import and Export Licensing

1. In implementing the WTO Agreement and provisions of the Agreement on Import Licensing Procedures, China shall undertake the following measures to facilitate compliance with these agreements:

(a) China shall publish on a regular basis the following in the official journal referred to in paragraph 2(C)2 of this Protocol:

- by product, the list of all organizations, including those organizations delegated such authority by the national authorities, that are responsible for authorizing or approving imports or exports, whether through grant of licence or other approval;

- procedures and criteria for obtaining such import or export licences or other approvals, and the conditions for deciding whether they should be granted;

- a list of all products, by tariff number, that are subject to tendering requirements, including information on products subject to such tendering requirements and any changes, pursuant to the Agreement on Import Licensing Procedures;

- a list of all goods and technologies whose import or export are restricted or prohibited; these goods shall also be notified to the Committee on Import Licensing;

- any changes to the list of goods and technologies whose import and export are restricted or prohibited.

Copies of these submissions in one or more official languages of the WTO shall be forwarded to the WTO for circulation to WTO Members and for submission to the Committee on Import Licensing within 75 days of each publication.

(b) China shall notify the WTO of all licensing and quota requirements remaining in effect after accession, listed separately by HS tariff line and with the quantities associated with the restriction, if any, and the justification for maintaining the restriction or its scheduled date of termination.

(c) China shall submit the notification of its import licensing procedures to the Committee on Import Licensing. China shall report annually to the Committee on Import Licensing on its automatic import licensing procedures, explaining the circumstances which give rise to these requirements and justifying the need for their continuation. This report shall also provide the information listed in Article 3 of the Agreement on Import Licensing Procedures.

(d) China shall issue import licences for a minimum duration of validity of six months, except where exceptional circumstances make this impossible. In such cases, China shall promptly notify the Committee on Import Licensing of the exceptional circumstances requiring the shorter period of licence validity.

2. Except as otherwise provided for in this Protocol, foreign individuals and enterprises and foreign-funded enterprises shall be accorded treatment no less favourable than that accorded to other individuals and enterprises in respect of the distribution of import and export licences and quotas.

9. Price Controls

1. China shall, subject to paragraph 2 below, allow prices for traded goods and services in every sector to be determined by market forces, and multi-tier pricing practices for such goods and services shall be eliminated.

2. The goods and services listed in Annex 4 may be subject to price controls, consistent with the WTO Agreement, in particular Article III of the GATT 1994 and Annex 2, paragraphs 3 and 4 of the Agreement on Agriculture. Except in exceptional circumstances, and subject to notification to the WTO, price controls shall not be extended to goods or services beyond those listed in Annex 4, and China shall make best efforts to reduce and eliminate these controls.

3. China shall publish in the official journal the list of goods and services subject to state pricing and changes thereto.

10. Subsidies

1. China shall notify the WTO of any subsidy within the meaning of Article 1 of the Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures ("SCM Agreement"), granted or maintained in its territory, organized by specific product, including those subsidies defined in Article 3 of the SCM Agreement. The information provided should be as specific as possible, following the requirements of the questionnaire on subsidies as noted in Article 25 of the SCM Agreement.

2. For purposes of applying Articles 1.2 and 2 of the SCM Agreement, subsidies provided to state-owned enterprises will be viewed as specific if, inter alia, state-owned enterprises are the predominant recipients of such subsidies or state-owned enterprises receive disproportionately large amounts of such subsidies.

3. China shall eliminate all subsidy programmes falling within the scope of Article 3 of the SCM Agreement upon accession.

11. Taxes and Charges Levied on Imports and Exports

1. China shall ensure that customs fees or charges applied or administered by national or sub-national authorities, shall be in conformity with the GATT 1994.

2. China shall ensure that internal taxes and charges, including value-added taxes, applied or administered by national or sub-national authorities shall be in conformity with the GATT 1994.

3. China shall eliminate all taxes and charges applied to exports unless specifically provided for in Annex 6 of this Protocol or applied in conformity with the provisions of Article VIII of the GATT 1994.

4. Foreign individuals and enterprises and foreign-funded enterprises shall, upon accession, be accorded treatment no less favourable than that accorded to other individuals and enterprises in respect of the provision of border tax adjustments.

12. Agriculture

1. China shall implement the provisions contained in China's Schedule of Concessions and Commitments on Goods and, as specifically provided in this Protocol, those of the Agreement on Agriculture. In this context, China shall not maintain or introduce any export subsidies on agricultural products.

2. China shall, under the Transitional Review Mechanism, notify fiscal and other transfers between or among state-owned enterprises in the agricultural sector (whether national or sub-national) and other enterprises that operate as state trading enterprises in the agricultural sector.

13. Technical Barriers to Trade

1. China shall publish in the official journal all criteria, whether formal or informal, that are the basis for a technical regulation, standard or conformity assessment procedure.

2. China shall, upon accession, bring into conformity with the TBT Agreement all technical regulations, standards and conformity assessment procedures.

3. China shall apply conformity assessment procedures to imported products only to determine compliance with technical regulations and standards that are consistent with the provisions of this Protocol and the WTO Agreement. Conformity assessment bodies will determine the conformity of imported products with commercial terms of contracts only if authorized by the parties to such contract. China shall ensure that such inspection of products for compliance with the commercial terms of contracts does not affect customs clearance or the granting of import licences for such products.

4. (a) Upon accession, China shall ensure that the same technical regulations, standards and conformity assessment procedures are applied to both imported and domestic products. In order to ensure a smooth transition from the current system, China shall ensure that, upon accession, all certification, safety licensing, and quality licensing bodies and agencies are authorized to undertake these activities for both imported and domestic products, and that, one year after accession, all conformity assessment bodies and agencies are authorized to undertake conformity assessment for both imported and domestic products. The choice of body or agency shall be at the discretion of the applicant. For imported and domestic products, all bodies and agencies shall issue the same mark and charge the same fee. They shall also provide the same processing periods and complaint procedures. Imported products shall not be subject to more than one conformity assessment. China shall publish and make readily available to other WTO Members, individuals, and enterprises full information on the respective responsibilities of its conformity assessment bodies and agencies.

(b) No later than 18 months after accession, China shall assign the respective responsibilities of its conformity assessment bodies solely on the basis of the scope of work and type of product without any consideration of the origin of a product. The respective responsibilities that will be assigned to China's conformity assessment bodies will be notified to the TBT Committee 12 months after accession.

14. Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures

China shall notify to the WTO all laws, regulations and other measures relating to its sanitary and phytosanitary measures, including product coverage and relevant international standards, guidelines and recommendations, within 30 days after accession.

15. Price Comparability in Determining Subsidies and Dumping

Article VI of the GATT 1994, the Agreement on Implementation of Article VI of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994 ("Anti-Dumping Agreement") and the SCM Agreement shall apply in proceedings involving imports of Chinese origin into a WTO Member consistent with the following:

(a) In determining price comparability under Article VI of the GATT 1994 and the Anti-Dumping Agreement, the importing WTO Member shall use either Chinese prices or costs for the industry under investigation or a methodology that is not based on a strict comparison with domestic prices or costs in China based on the following rules:

(i) If the producers under investigation can clearly show that market economy conditions prevail in the industry producing the like product with regard to the manufacture, production and sale of that product, the importing WTO Member shall use Chinese prices or costs for the industry under investigation in determining price comparability;

(ii) The importing WTO Member may use a methodology that is not based on a strict comparison with domestic prices or costs in China if the producers under investigation cannot clearly show that market economy conditions prevail in the industry producing the like product with regard to manufacture, production and sale of that product.

(b) In proceedings under Parts II, III and V of the SCM Agreement, when addressing subsidies described in Articles 14(a), 14(b), 14(c) and 14(d), relevant provisions of the SCM Agreement shall apply; however, if there are special difficulties in that application, the importing WTO Member may then use methodologies for identifying and measuring the subsidy benefit which take into account the possibility that prevailing terms and conditions in China may not always be available as appropriate benchmarks. In applying such methodologies, where practicable, the importing WTO Member should adjust such prevailing terms and conditions before considering the use of terms and conditions prevailing outside China.

(c) The importing WTO Member shall notify methodologies used in accordance with subparagraph (a) to the Committee on Anti-Dumping Practices and shall notify methodologies used in accordance with subparagraph (b) to the Committee on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures.

(d) Once China has established, under the national law of the importing WTO Member, that it is a market economy, the provisions of subparagraph (a) shall be terminated provided that the importing Member's national law contains market economy criteria as of the date of accession. In any event, the provisions of subparagraph (a)(ii) shall expire 15 years after the date of accession. In addition, should China establish, pursuant to the national law of the importing WTO Member, that market economy conditions prevail in a particular industry or sector, the non-market economy provisions of subparagraph (a) shall no longer apply to that industry or sector.

16. Transitional Product-Specific Safeguard Mechanism

1. In cases where products of Chinese origin are being imported into the territory of any WTO Member in such increased quantities or under such conditions as to cause or threaten to cause market disruption to the domestic producers of like or directly competitive products, the WTO Member so affected may request consultations with China with a view to seeking a mutually satisfactory solution, including whether the affected WTO Member should pursue application of a measure under the Agreement on Safeguards. Any such request shall be notified immediately to the Committee on Safeguards.

2. If, in the course of these bilateral consultations, it is agreed that imports of Chinese origin are such a cause and that action is necessary, China shall take such action as to prevent or remedy the market disruption. Any such action shall be notified immediately to the Committee on Safeguards.

3. If consultations do not lead to an agreement between China and the WTO Member concerned within 60 days of the receipt of a request for consultations, the WTO Member affected shall be free, in respect of such products, to withdraw concessions or otherwise to limit imports only to the extent necessary to prevent or remedy such market disruption. Any such action shall be notified immediately to the Committee on Safeguards.

4. Market disruption shall exist whenever imports of an article, like or directly competitive with an article produced by the domestic industry, are increasing rapidly, either absolutely or relatively, so as to be a significant cause of material injury, or threat of material injury to the domestic industry. In determining if market disruption exists, the affected WTO Member shall consider objective factors, including the volume of imports, the effect of imports on prices for like or directly competitive articles, and the effect of such imports on the domestic industry producing like or directly competitive products.

5. Prior to application of a measure pursuant to paragraph 3, the WTO Member taking such action shall provide reasonable public notice to all interested parties and provide adequate opportunity for importers, exporters and other interested parties to submit their views and evidence on the appropriateness of the proposed measure and whether it would be in the public interest. The WTO Member shall provide written notice of the decision to apply a measure, including the reasons for such measure and its scope and duration.

6. A WTO Member shall apply a measure pursuant to this Section only for such period of time as may be necessary to prevent or remedy the market disruption. If a measure is taken as a result of a relative increase in the level of imports, China has the right to suspend the application of substantially equivalent concessions or obligations under the GATT 1994 to the trade of the WTO Member applying the measure, if such measure remains in effect more than two years. However, if a measure is taken as a result of an absolute increase in imports, China has a right to suspend the application of substantially equivalent concessions or obligations under the GATT 1994 to the trade of the WTO Member applying the measure, if such measure remains in effect more than three years. Any such action by China shall be notified immediately to the Committee on Safeguards.

7. In critical circumstances, where delay would cause damage which it would be difficult to repair, the WTO Member so affected may take a provisional safeguard measure pursuant to a preliminary determination that imports have caused or threatened to cause market disruption. In this case, notification of the measures taken to the Committee on Safeguards and a request for bilateral consultations shall be effected immediately thereafter. The duration of the provisional measure shall not exceed 200 days during which the pertinent requirements of paragraphs 1, 2 and 5 shall be met. The duration of any provisional measure shall be counted toward the period provided for under paragraph 6.

8. If a WTO Member considers that an action taken under paragraphs 2, 3 or 7 causes or threatens to cause significant diversions of trade into its market, it may request consultations with China and/or the WTO Member concerned. Such consultations shall be held within 30 days after the request is notified to the Committee on Safeguards. If such consultations fail to lead to an agreement between China and the WTO Member or Members concerned within 60 days after the notification, the requesting WTO Member shall be free, in respect of such product, to withdraw concessions accorded to or otherwise limit imports from China, to the extent necessary to prevent or remedy such diversions. Such action shall be notified immediately to the Committee on Safeguards.

9. Application of this Section shall be terminated 12 years after the date of accession.

17. Reservations by WTO Members

All prohibitions, quantitative restrictions and other measures maintained by WTO Members against imports from China in a manner inconsistent with the WTO Agreement are listed in Annex 7. All such prohibitions, quantitative restrictions and other measures shall be phased out or dealt with in accordance with mutually agreed terms and timetables as specified in the said Annex.

18. Transitional Review Mechanism

1. Those subsidiary bodies1 of the WTO which have a mandate covering China's commitments under the WTO Agreement or this Protocol shall, within one year after accession and in accordance with paragraph 4 below, review, as appropriate to their mandate, the implementation by China of the WTO Agreement and of the related provisions of this Protocol. China shall provide relevant information, including information specified in Annex 1A, to each subsidiary body in advance of the review. China can also raise issues relating to any reservations under Section 17 or to any other specific commitments made by other Members in this Protocol, in those subsidiary bodies which have a relevant mandate. Each subsidiary body shall report the results of such review promptly to the relevant Council established by paragraph 5 of Article IV of the WTO Agreement, if applicable, which shall in turn report promptly to the General Council.

2. The General Council shall, within one year after accession, and in accordance with paragraph 4 below, review the implementation by China of the WTO Agreement and the provisions of this Protocol. The General Council shall conduct such review in accordance with the framework set out in Annex 1B and in the light of the results of any reviews held pursuant to paragraph 1. China also can raise issues relating to any reservations under Section 17 or to any other specific commitments made by other Members in this Protocol. The General Council may make recommendations to China and to other Members in these respects.

3. Consideration of issues pursuant to this Section shall be without prejudice to the rights and obligations of any Member, including China, under the WTO Agreement or any Plurilateral Trade Agreement, and shall not preclude or be a precondition to recourse to consultation or other provisions of the WTO Agreement or this Protocol.

4. The review provided for in paragraphs 1 and 2 will take place after accession in each year for eight years. Thereafter there will be a final review in year 10 or at an earlier date decided by the General Council.

Part II - Schedules

1. The Schedules annexed to this Protocol shall become the Schedule of Concessions and Commitments annexed to the GATT 1994 and the Schedule of Specific Commitments annexed to the GATS relating to China. The staging of concessions and commitments listed in the Schedules shall be implemented as specified in the relevant parts of the relevant Schedules.

2. For the purpose of the reference in paragraph 6(a) of Article II of the GATT 1994 to the date of that Agreement, the applicable date in respect of the Schedules of Concessions and Commitments annexed to this Protocol shall be the date of accession.

Part III - Final Provisions

1. This Protocol shall be open for acceptance, by signature or otherwise, by China until 1 January 2002.

2. This Protocol shall enter into force on the thirtieth day following the day of its acceptance.

3. This Protocol shall be deposited with the Director-General of the WTO. The Director-General shall promptly furnish a certified copy of this Protocol and a notification of acceptance by China thereof, pursuant to paragraph 1 of Part III of this Protocol, to each WTO Member and to China.

4. This Protocol shall be registered in accordance with the provisions of Article 102 of the Charter of the United Nations.

Done at Doha this tenth day of November two thousand and one, in a single copy, in the English, French and Spanish languages, each text being authentic, except that a Schedule annexed hereto may specify that it is authentic in only one or more of these languages.

1 Council for Trade in Goods, Council for Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights, Council for Trade in Services, Committees on Balance-of-Payments Restrictions, Market Access (covering also ITA), Agriculture, Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures, Technical Barriers to Trade, Subsidies and Countervailing Measures, Anti-Dumping Measures, Customs Valuation, Rules of Origin, Import Licensing, Trade-Related Investment Measures, Safeguards, Trade in Financial Services.

工商行政管理系统流通环节食品安全监督管理责任及责任追究办法(试行)

国家工商行政管理总局


工商行政管理系统流通环节食品安全监督管理责任及责任追究办法(试行)

工商消字[2006]第80号


  各省、自治区、直辖市及计划单列市、副省级市工商行政管理局:

  为了进一步加强流通环节食品安全监督管理,明确职责,严格责任,充分发挥工商行政管理机关的职能作用,切实保障食品市场消费安全,根据国务院的要求,结合食品安全监督管理工作实际,国家工商行政管理总局制定了《工商行政管理系统流通环节食品安全监督管理责任及责任追究办法(试行)》,现印发给你们,请结合本地实际,认真贯彻落实。

国家工商行政管理总局(印)

二00六年四月二十五日

  

  工商行政管理系统流通环节

  食品安全监督管理责任及责任追究办法

  (试行)

  第一条 为进一步加强流通环节食品安全监督管理,切实履行市场监管职责,严格责任制度,保障食品市场消费安全,根据有关法律、法规和《国务院关于进一步加强食品安全工作的决定》,制定本办法。

  第二条 工商行政管理机关按照法律、法规、规章以及国务院有关规定,在食品安全监督管理工作中主要履行下列职责:

  (一)依法办理食品生产经营企业及个体工商户(以下简称食品经营者)的设立、变更和注销登记,依法吊销食品经营者的营业执照,对食品经营者的注册事项进行监督检查;将食品经营者营业执照的发放、注销、吊销等信息通报相关部门;对食品经营者进行经济户口管理和信用分类监管;依法查处取缔无照经营食品违法行为。

  (二)依法对流通环节食品质量进行监督管理,实行食品质量市场准入和食品分类监管;组织实施流通环节食品质量检查、监测和快速检测;对不合格食品进行市场清查和退市。

  (三) 依法对食品经营者的经营行为进行监督检查,查处制售假冒伪劣食品、销售不合格食品、欺诈消费者、侵犯食品商标专用权、违法广告、违法印制食品包装和商标标识以及仿冒知名食品特有的名称、包装、装潢等违法行为。

  (四)指导、监督流通环节食品经营者建立并落实食品经营管理自律制度和食品质量责任制度。

  (五)按照有关规定预防和应急妥善处置流通环节重大食品安全事故。

  (六)受理和处理消费者有关流通环节食品安全方面的咨询、申诉、举报。

  (七)按照有关规定公示流通环节食品质量监测等食品安全监督检查信息,并通报相关部门和行业协会。

  (八)宣传有关食品安全的法律、法规、规章、政策和食品安全知识。

  (九)制定和完善流通环节食品安全监督管理制度和措施。

  (十)法律、法规、规章和国务院规定的其他职责。

  省、自治区、直辖市人民政府对工商行政管理机关的食品安全监督管理职责另有规定的,从其规定。

  第三条 国家工商行政管理总局负责组织、协调、指导全国工商行政管理机关开展流通环节食品安全监督管理工作。按照国务院的部署和食品市场监管的需要,组织全国工商行政管理机关开展食品安全专项整治和专项执法行动;完善食品经营者经济户口管理、信用分类监管等食品安全监督管理有关规章制度,利用信息化手段建立健全食品安全监管网络;组织全国范围内的流通环节食品质量监测,发布监测信息;组织协调查处全国性的重大食品安全案件;指导和协调预防和处置全国范围内的重大食品安全事故;向国务院其他部门和有关行业协会适时通报食品安全监督检查信息;宣传食品安全法律、法规、规章、政策、知识和全国工商行政管理机关食品安全监督管理工作;完成国务院交办的其他食品安全监督管理工作任务。

  第四条 省(自治区、直辖市)、市(地、州、盟)、县(区、旗)工商行政管理局在当地人民政府领导下组织辖区内的工商行政管理机关对流通环节食品安全进行监督管理,并对辖区流通环节食品安全负责:

  (一)贯彻执行食品安全监督管理有关法律、法规和规章,根据上级工商行政管理机关和地方人民政府关于食品安全监督管理的部署和要求以及本辖区食品市场状况,制定和落实各项管理制度。领导班子要定期研究本辖区食品安全工作,分析食品市场形势和状况,查找问题和薄弱环节,有针对性地采取有力措施,排查和整改食品安全隐患,预防和及时解决食品安全方面存在的问题,切实保障本辖区食品市场消费安全。

  (二)按照法定程序受理办理辖区食品经营者设立、变更和注销登记,依法吊销食品经营者的营业执照,与同级相关部门互相通报证照发放和监管信息,对食品经营者实行信用分类监管,依法查处取缔辖区无照经营食品违法行为。

  (三)依托12315行政执法体系建立健全食品安全监管网络。

  (四)对流通环节食品质量进行监督管理,严把食品市场准入关,建立健全食品质量市场准入体系,对不合格食品及时进行市场清查和退市,查处辖区食品安全违法违章案件和销售不合格食品的违法行为,严厉打击制售假冒伪劣食品违法行为;按照有关规定向上级工商行政管理机关和地方人民政府报告食品安全监管工作情况、问题和重大食品安全违法违章案件,按照有关规定发布监督检查信息和报告上级工商行政管理机关,并通报同级相关部门。

  (五)依法检查和查处侵犯食品商标专用权、违法广告、仿冒知名食品特有的名称、包装、装潢等违法行为,以及欺诈消费者的违法行为。

  (六)按照有关规定制定并实施本地区重大食品安全事故应急预案,预防和应急妥善处置食品安全事故和突发事件。

  (七)对下级工商行政管理机关或者派出工商行政管理所的食品安全监督管理工作进行指导、督促、检查和落实。

  (八)宣传食品安全的法律、法规、规章、政策、知识和工商行政管理机关食品安全监督管理工作。

  (九)完成上级工商行政管理机关和地方人民政府交办的其他食品安全监督管理工作任务。

  省、自治区、直辖市工商行政管理局应当健全和检查落实食品市场准入、食品分类监管、市场巡查、食品质量责任制度和食品经营者自律制度等食品安全监督管理制度,完善食品安全长效监管机制,推进食品安全监督管理地方性立法立规;组织开展本地区食品安全专项整治和专项执法行动;组织实施食品质量监测,指导下级工商行政管理机关开展食品安全快速检测,进行食品消费警示和提示;对跨区域或者重大食品安全违法违章案件组织查处和督办。

  市(地、州、盟)、县(区、旗)工商行政管理局应当建立和完善食品经营者登记档案和实行经济户口管理;按照省、自治区、直辖市工商行政管理局的授权和要求开展食品质量监测和快速检测;按照有关规定受理、分流、督办、处理消费者的咨询、申诉、举报;按照上级工商行政管理机关要求实施食品市场准入和食品分类监管;指导、监督食品经营者建立并落实食品经营管理自律制度和食品质量责任制度,并结合本地区实际制定和实施相关食品安全监管制度,严格落实上级工商行政管理机关的各项制度和规定。

  第五条 工商行政管理所按照《工商行政管理所食品安全监督管理工作规范》的规定和本地实际,对辖区内食品市场进行日常监督管理,并对辖区流通环节食品安全负责:

  (一)根据派出机关的委托依法办理从事食品生产经营个体工商户的登记注册,对辖区食品经营者的主体资格及时进行规范和管理,按照有关规定开展食品经营者经济户口管理和信用分类监管,依法及时查处取缔无照经营食品违法行为。

  (二)对流通环节食品质量进行监督管理,按照有关规定严把辖区食品市场准入关,对食品质量实行分类监管,配合上级工商行政管理机关开展食品质量监测,组织实施食品质量快速检测,对不合格食品和有毒有害食品及时依法进行市场清查、退市和销毁,依照法律、法规、规章规定和派出机关授权查处辖区食品安全违法违章案件。

  (三)对辖区食品经营者进行宣传教育,提高食品经营者质量意识,指导、监督食品经营者建立并落实食品经营管理各项自律制度和食品质量责任制度。

  (四)依法对辖区食品经营主体、经营行为和食品质量进行全程监管,对辖区食品市场进行巡查和日常监管,适时组织食品安全专项执法行动。

  (五)按照有关规定受理和处理消费者有关食品安全的咨询、申诉、举报;及时调查处理派出机关以及12315消费者申诉举报中心转办、交办的食品安全案件。

  (六)按照重大食品安全事故应急预案的要求,及时防范和妥善处置食品安全事故和突发事件。

  (七)按照有关规定上报、公示食品安全监督检查信息,指导、监督辖区食品经营者向消费者公示相关食品安全信息。

  (八)宣传有关食品安全的法律、法规、规章、政策和食品安全知识。

  (九)对不属于工商行政管理机关处理、不属于本所管辖或者难以处理的重大、复杂食品安全问题及时报请派出机关处理。

  (十)完成派出机关交办的其他食品安全监督管理工作任务。

  第六条 各级工商行政管理机关相关内设机构按照职责分工,组织开展职责范围内的食品安全监管执法工作:

  (一)消费者权益保护机构负责对流通环节食品质量进行监督管理,组织协调食品安全专项整治和专项执法检查;按照有关规定或者授权组织实施流通环节食品质量监测,进行消费警示和提示,组织查处有关食品质量违法行为和违法印制食品包装、标识的行为,按照规定发布监督检查信息;组织指导和监督食品经营者建立并落实食品经营自律管理制度和食品质量责任制度,组织协调各内设机构开展流通环节食品安全监管执法工作。

  (二)企业和外商投资企业登记注册机构分别负责食品生产经营企业和外商投资企业的登记注册及相关监督管理工作;按照注册程序审查食品卫生许可证等前置审批文件,依法开展食品生产经营企业年检工作,对食品卫生许可证失效或者登记事项变化的食品生产经营企业依法进行变更或者注销登记;将食品生产经营企业登记注册的基本情况通知所在区域工商行政管理所,组织开展食品生产经营企业经济户口管理和信用分类监管。

  (三)个体工商户和私营企业登记注册机构负责食品生产经营个体工商户和私营企业的登记注册及相关监督管理工作;按照注册程序审查食品卫生许可证等前置审批文件,依法开展或者指导派出工商行政管理所开展食品生产经营个体工商户验照工作,对食品卫生许可证失效或者登记事项变化的食品生产经营个体工商户和私营企业依法进行变更或者注销登记;组织开展食品生产经营个体工商户和私营企业经济户口管理和信用分类监管,组织查处取缔无照经营食品违法行为。

  (四)市场管理机构负责食品批发市场、集贸市场经营秩序的规范管理,组织指导食品批发市场、集贸市场专项治理工作;组织、指导、监督市场开办者建立并落实对入场经营者的食品质量管理制度和质量责任制度。

  (五)公平交易机构负责组织查处食品领域的仿冒知名商品特有的名称、包装、装潢以及假冒他人注册商标、虚假宣传等不正当竞争行为。

  (六)商标广告机构负责组织查处侵犯食品商标专用权行为、违法印制食品商标标识的行为、违法广告。

  (七)12315机构负责受理和处理消费者有关食品安全的咨询、申诉、举报。

  (八)法制机构负责组织开展食品安全行政执法监督。

  (九)人事机构负责对食品安全监管执法力量的配备和人事管理。

  (十)监察机构负责对食品安全监管执法工作进行行政监察。

  第七条 在食品安全监督管理工作中有下列情形的,追究责任:

  (一)未按照规定履行食品安全监督管理职责;或者未及时贯彻、落实上级工商行政管理机关和地方人民政府关于食品安全监督管理工作的部署和要求,制度、规定不健全,食品准入、交易、退市和其他食品经营行为管理等执法监管不到位,检查落实不力、把关不严或者未及时作为,造成食品安全事故和严重后果的。

  (二)对监督检查中发现、消费者申诉举报、上级工商行政管理机关和地方人民政府交办或者转办、新闻媒体反映、相关部门和行业协会通报的食品经营违法行为未及时查处或者移送;对应当进行应急处置的食品安全事故不按照有关规定、上级工商行政管理机关、地方人民政府的安排部署及时采取积极措施进行提前预警防范和应急处置;对按照规定应当公示、上报或者通报的食品安全事故和食品安全监管信息不及时公示或者瞒报、谎报、缓报、漏报的;或者在食品质量监督检查、查处取缔无照经营食品违法行为、受理消费者申诉举报、重大食品安全事故应急处置等食品安全监督管理工作中处置不当、工作不力的。对上述行为造成严重后果的。

  (三)在食品经营者登记注册工作中审核不严,对不符合登记注册条件的食品经营者予以登记注册的,或者违反登记注册规定的;在食品监督检查、食品违法违章案件查处工作中违反法律、法规、规章规定,执法不严或者执法违法,造成严重后果或者错案的。

  (四)有其他徇私枉法、包庇纵容等失职、渎职行为,造成严重后果的。

  工商行政管理所执法人员有前款规定情形的,追究其岗位监管责任;工商行政管理机关相关内设机构有前款规定情形的,追究相关内设机构及其负责人的指导监督责任;工商行政管理机关以及工商行政管理所的领导有前款规定情形的,追究其领导责任。

  第八条 有第七条规定情形之一的,根据过错程度、具体情节和后果,按照干部管理权限,由同级或者上级工商行政管理机关追究相关单位和人员的相应责任;构成违纪的,依照《公务员法》和有关纪律规定给予处分;涉嫌犯罪的,移送司法机关处理。

  第九条 省、自治区、直辖市工商行政管理局可以根据本办法制定具体实施意见。

  第十条 本办法自公布之日起实施。